Half a century after iconic Apollo Missions which allowed twelve men to walk on the Σελήνη μεταξύ 1968 και 1972, NASA is set to embark on ambitious Σελήνη Άρτεμις Mission designed not only to create long term ανθρώπινος presence on and around the Σελήνη but also to learn lessons in preparation for ανθρώπινος missions and habitations on Μάρτιος. Βαθύς χώρος ανθρώπινος habitation, enabling ανθρώπους to become a multi πλανήτης species to thwart the risk of extinction is still a very far dream however a beginning is to happen in near future.
“Since, in the long run, every πλανητικός civilization will be endangered by impacts from χώρος, every surviving civilization is obliged to become spacefaring—not because of exploratory or romantic zeal, but for the most practical reason imaginable: staying alive.” – Carl Sagan, 1994.
Artemis I, an uncrewed flight test, the first in a series of Η Άρτεμη’s increasingly complex missions to the Σελήνη, is scheduled to lift off on 29 August 2022. This will pave the way for future crewed flights (Artemis II, Artemis III, and beyond) to the σεληνιακός surface. In 2024, Artemis will land the first woman and the first person of colour on the Σελήνη.
Τι σύνολα Η Άρτεμη apart is its aim to build a base camp on the lunar surface to give astronauts a place to live and work on the φεγγάρι. Artemis Base Camp includes a modern cabin, a rover, and a mobile home. It is true that ανθρώπους have been living and working on International Χώρος Station (ISS) for several years however Artemis Mission will allow astronauts to live on the surface of another celestial body, hence one can argue that Artemis would be first concrete step towards colonisation of deep χώρος. This aspect makes Artemis special.
Η Άρτεμις Σελήνη Αποστολή, Η NASA collaborative programme with European Χώρος Agency (ESA) and Canadian Χώρος Agency (CSA) has three objectives –scientific discovery, economic benefits, and inspiration for new generation. There are six components of the mission
- Orion spacecraft: The exploration vehicle that will carry crew to χώρος, provide emergency abort, sustain the crew during the travel and provide safe re-entry to the Earth.
- Χώρος Launch System (SLS) Rocket: The heavy-lift rocket that will launch Orion spacecraft.
- Exploration Ground Systems (EGS): θα υποστηρίξει την εκτόξευση και την ανάκτηση αστροναυτών που επιστρέφουν.
- The Gateway: the spaceship in lunar τροχιά that will serve as multi-purpose outpost σε τροχιά ο Σελήνη where astronauts will transfer between Orion and the lander. This will provide essential support for long-term ανθρώπινος return to the lunar surface
- Ανθρώπινος Landing System: Lander will take astronauts from the Gateway in the lunar τροχιά στην επιφάνεια του Σελήνη and back to the Gateway in the τροχιά.
- Artemis Base Camp: will serve as the home and the workplace for a crew of four astronauts on the surface of the Σελήνη for about 30-60 days. This will enable crew is to stay on the Σελήνη for up to two months at a time.
Ανθρώπινος habitation system is the key piece of the mission for living longer in deep χώρος both for extending duration of operation as well as for optimal physical and mental wellbeing of the astronaut. This is certainly an imperative for future mission to Μάρτιος. The Transit Habitat is envisioned for long-duration missions.
Παραπεταμένος ανθρώπινος habitation on the surface of the Σελήνη is a very ambitious goal because of unique challenges posed by the lunar environment and the remoteness from the Earth. Notwithstanding this, experiences gained in successful operation of International Χώρος Station (ISS) for over two decades should contribute in Artemis Σελήνη Αποστολή.
The Artemis Base Camp, as humanity’s first long-term home on land outside Earth will enable ανθρώπινος αποστολές σε Μάρτιος. With this, the idea of making ανθρώπους πολυ-πλανήτης species begins.
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Πηγές:
- NASA. Αρτεμις. Διαθέσιμο στο https://www.nasa.gov/specials/artemis/
- NASA. Πρόγραμμα Άρτεμις. Διαθέσιμο στο https://www.nasa.gov/artemisprogram
- G. Flores, D. Harris, R. McCauley, S. Canerday, L. Ingram and N. Herrmann, “Deep Χώρος Habitation: Establishing a Sustainable Ανθρώπινος Presence on the Moon and Beyond,” 2021 IEEE Aerospace Conference (50100), 2021, pp. 1-7, doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/AERO50100.2021.9438260
- NASA. Artemis Deep Space Habitation: Enabling a Sustained Ανθρώπινος Presence on the Moon and Beyond. Available at https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20220000245/downloads/Artemis%20Deep%20Space%20Habitation%20Enabling%20a%20Sustained%20Human%20Presence%20on%20the%20Moon%20and%20Beyond%20(3).pdf
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