«Όσο δύσκολη κι αν φαίνεται η ζωή, υπάρχει πάντα κάτι που μπορείς να κάνεις και να πετύχεις» – Stephen Hawking
Stephen W. Hawking (1942-2018) will be remembered not just for being an accomplished theoretical physicist with a brilliant mind but also for symbolising the ability of the human spirit to rise and triumph above severe physical disability of the body and achieve what is presumed to be the unthinkable. Prof Hawking was diagnosed with a debilitating condition when he was barely 21 years old, but he showed resilience over his adversities and continued to engage his mind in an attempt to theorize some of the intriguing scientific mysteries of the σύμπαν.
Η ιδέα του μαύρες τρύπες emerged from Albert Einstein’s general theory of relativity. The cosmic objects μαύρες τρύπες– thought to be the biggest enigmas of the known σύμπαν– are extremely dense, so dense that nothing escapes their huge gravity, not even the light. Everything gets sucked into it. This is the reason μαύρες τρύπες λέγονται μαύρες τρύπες because nothing can escape its clutches and also its impossible to see a μαύρη τρύπα. Επειδή μαύρες τρύπες do not emit light or energy in any form unlike all other cosmic objects, they would never undergo explosion. This meant μαύρες τρύπες would be immortal.
Stephen Hawking questioned the immortality of the μαύρες τρύπες.
Στην επιστολή του με τίτλο «»Μαύρες τρύπες explosions?’’, δημοσιευτηκε σε Φύση in 19741, Hawking came up with the theoretical conclusion that not everything is sucked into a μαύρη τρύπα και μαύρες τρύπες emit an electromagnetic radiation called Ακτινοβολία Hawking, detailing that radiation can escape from a μαύρη τρύπα, because of the laws of quantum mechanics. Thus, μαύρη τρύπαs too would explode and convert to gamma rays. He showed that any μαύρη τρύπα will create and emit particles such as neutrinos or photons. As a μαύρη τρύπα emits radiation one would expect it to lose mass. This in turn would increase the surface gravity and so increase the rate of emission. The μαύρη τρύπα would therefore have a finite life and eventually disappear into nothing.This stuck down the long-held idea by the theoretical physicists that black holes are immortal.
Η Ακτινοβολία Hawking was thought to contain no useful information about what the μαύρη τρύπα engulfed because the information swallowed up by the μαύρη τρύπα would have been lost forever.In a recent study published in 2016 in Physical Review Letters, Hawking showed that black holes have a halo of ‘soft hair’ (technically, low-energy quantum excitations) around them which might store the information. More research on this could perhaps lead toan understanding andan eventual resolution of the μαύρη τρύπα πρόβλημα πληροφοριών.
Any proof of Hawking’s theory? No observational confirmation yet seen in the cosmos. Μαύρες τρύπες are too long-lived to be observed today at their end.
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Πηγές)
1. Hawking S 1974. Εκρήξεις μαύρης τρύπας; Φύση. 248. https://doi.org/10.1038/248030a0
2. Hawking S et al 2016. Soft Hair on Black Holes. Φυσ. Rev. Lett.. 116. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.116.231301
